From cb4587847dcec8465cf165c458f99b705f88aaa8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: woosh <>
Date: Thu, 16 Nov 2023 05:07:16 +0000
Subject: [PATCH] minimax with alpha-beta pruning

---
 uttt.c | 137 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 1 file changed, 135 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/uttt.c b/uttt.c
index ed97bc6..850a4a7 100644
--- a/uttt.c
+++ b/uttt.c
@@ -39,14 +39,16 @@ struct ut_game
 };
 
 const char HELP_TEXT[] = "\
-Usage: uttt (--local | --host | --join)\n\
+Usage: uttt (--local | --agent | --host | --join)\n\
 \n\
-  --local  play non-network game\n\
+  --local  play local game\n\
+  --agent  play against AI agent\n\
   --host   host game at 127.0.0.1:6669\n\
   --join   join game at 127.0.0.1:6669\n\
 ";
 
 const char arg_local[] = "--local";
+const char arg_agent[] = "--agent";
 const char arg_host[] = "--host";
 const char arg_join[] = "--join";
 
@@ -676,6 +678,46 @@ int ut_join_game(struct ut_state *state, struct ut_game *game) {
 	return ut_network_game(state, game, sock, *player, false);
 }
 
+int ut_agentgetmove(const struct ut_state *state, const struct ut_game *game, struct ut_move *move);
+int ut_agent_game(struct ut_state *state, struct ut_game *game) {
+	char player;
+	if ((player = ut_random_player()) < 0) {return 1;}
+	for(;;)
+	{
+		struct ut_move m = {4, 4};
+		ut_curserase();
+		ut_cursdraw(state, game);
+		char w = ut_winner(state);
+		if(w)
+		{
+			if(w == ' ')
+			{
+				ut_cursprintf("Draw!\n");
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				ut_cursprintf("%c wins!\n", (int)w);
+			}
+			break;
+		}
+		if (state->player == player) {
+			if(ut_cursgetmove(state, &m)) {continue;}
+		} else {
+			ut_cursprintf("Waiting for AI agent ...\n");
+			refresh();
+			if(ut_agentgetmove(state, game, &m))
+			{
+				ut_cursprintf("Agent failed - exiting\n");
+				return 1;
+			}
+		}
+		if(ut_move(state, state, m)) {continue;}
+		game->moves[game->l++] = m;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+
 void finish(int sig)
 {
 //	putchar('\n');
@@ -718,6 +760,9 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv) {
 	} else if (strncmp(argv[1], arg_local, sizeof(arg_local)) == 0) {
 		begin();
 		waitfinish(ut_local_game(&state, &game));
+	} else if (strncmp(argv[1], arg_agent, sizeof(arg_agent)) == 0) {
+		begin();
+		waitfinish(ut_agent_game(&state, &game));
 	} else if (strncmp(argv[1], arg_host, sizeof(arg_host)) == 0) {
 		begin();
 		waitfinish(ut_host_game(&state, &game));
@@ -730,3 +775,91 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv) {
 	}
 	return 0;
 }
+
+
+int ut_boardValue(const char *tiles, int offset, int stride)
+{
+	int v = 0;
+	for(int r = 0; r < 3; r++)
+		for(int c = 0; c < 3; c++)
+			v += (T(r, c) == 'X') ? 1 : (T(r, c) == 'O') ? -1 : 0;
+	return v;
+}
+#define UT_VALUEMAX 81
+#define UT_VALUEMIN (-81)
+int ut_value(const struct ut_state *state)
+{
+	int v = 0;
+	char winner = ut_winner(state);
+	if(winner != '\0')
+	{
+		return (winner == 'X') ? 81 : (winner == 'O') ? -81 : 0;
+	}
+	for(int r = 0; r < 3; r++)
+		for(int c = 0; c < 3; c++)
+			v += (state->boards[r][c] == '\0') ? ut_boardValue((char *)state->tiles, 27 * r + 3 * c, 9) :
+				            (state->boards[r][c] == 'X') ? 9 : (state->boards[r][c] == 'O') ? -9 : 0;
+	return v;
+}
+
+int ut_alphabetaq(const struct ut_state *state, struct ut_move move, int depth, int a, int b)
+{
+	struct ut_state next;
+	if(ut_move(&next, state, move)) {return (state->player == 'X') ? UT_VALUEMIN - 1 : UT_VALUEMAX + 1;}
+
+	int q = ut_value(&next);
+	if(depth <= 0 || q <= UT_VALUEMIN || q >= UT_VALUEMAX) {return q;}
+
+
+	if(next.player == 'X')
+	{
+		q = UT_VALUEMIN - 1;
+		for(int r = 0; r < 9; r++)
+		for(int c = 0; c < 9; c++)
+		{
+			struct ut_move next_move = (struct ut_move){r, c};
+			int next_q = ut_alphabetaq(&next, next_move, depth - 1, a, b);
+			if(next_q > q) {q = next_q;}
+			if(q > b) {return q;}
+			a = q > a ? q : a;
+		}
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		q = UT_VALUEMAX + 1;
+		for(int r = 0; r < 9; r++)
+		for(int c = 0; c < 9; c++)
+		{
+			struct ut_move next_move = (struct ut_move){r, c};
+			int next_q = ut_alphabetaq(&next, next_move, depth - 1, a, b);
+			if(next_q < q) {q = next_q;}
+			if(q < a) {return q;}
+			b = q < b ? q : b;
+		}
+	}
+	return q;
+}
+#define UT_DEPTH 5
+struct ut_move ut_minimax(const struct ut_state *state)
+{
+	struct ut_move best_move = {-1, -1};
+	int best_q = (state->player == 'X') ? UT_VALUEMIN - 1 : UT_VALUEMAX + 1;
+	for(int r = 0; r < 9; r++)
+	for(int c = 0; c < 9; c++)
+	{
+		struct ut_move move = (struct ut_move){r, c};
+		int q = ut_alphabetaq(state, move, UT_DEPTH, UT_VALUEMIN - 1, UT_VALUEMAX + 1);
+		if((state->player == 'X') ? q > best_q : q < best_q)
+		{
+			best_q = q;
+			best_move = move;
+		}
+	}
+	return best_move;
+}
+
+int ut_agentgetmove(const struct ut_state *state, const struct ut_game *game, struct ut_move *move)
+{
+	*move = ut_minimax(state);
+	return (move->r < 0 || move->r >= 9 || move->c < 0 || move->c >= 9);
+}